| Introductory
Knowledge script for farmers dedicated to the green
Revolution World wide. |
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| First
Lets Know about the Central Figure of the Worlds Green
Revolution |
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| Dr.Norman
Ernest Borlaug |
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| Borlaug,
Norman Ernest ), (1914- American agronomist
and Nobel laureate. He was born in Cresco,
Iowa, and educated at the University of Minnesota.
After several years as a plant pathologist,
Borlaug joined the Rockefeller Foundation
in 1944. He was assigned to the foundation's
international maize and wheat improvement
center in Mexico, where he and his international
team of scientists began work to improve the
yield of wheat and rice plants and to train
technicians from all over the world. This
work resulted in a strain of wheat characterized
by higher protein content and higher yield.
Borlaug was awarded the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize.
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| A
word about Dr.N.E.Borlaugh The world renowned
Agricultural Scientist |
| A
central figure in the "green revolution",
Norman Ernest Borlaug (March 25, 1914- ) was
born on a farm near Cresco, Iowa, to Henry
and Clara Borlaug. For the past twenty-seven
years he has collaborated with Mexican scientists
on problems of wheat improvement;for the last
ten or so of those years he has also collaborated
with scientists from other parts of theworld,
especially from India and Pakistan, in adapting
the new wheats to new lands and in |
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| gaining
acceptance for their production. An eclectic, pragmatic,
goal-oriented scientist, he accepts and discards methods
or results in a constant search for more fruitful and
effective ones, while at the same time avoiding the pursuit
of what he calls "academic butterflies". A vigorous
man who can perform prodigies of manual labor in the fields,
he brings to his work the body and competitive spirit
of the trained athlete, which indeed he was in his high
school and college days. |
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| After
completing his primary and secondary education in Cresco,
Borlaug enrolled in the University of Minnesota where
he studied forestry. Immediately before and immediately
after receiving his Bachelor of Science degree in 1937,
he worked for the U.S. Forestry Service at stations in
Massachusetts and Idaho. Returning to the University of
Minnesota to study plant pathology, he received the master's
degree in 1939 and the doctorate in 1942. |
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| After
completing his primary and secondary education in Cresco,
Borlaug enrolled in the University of Minnesota where
he studied forestry. Immediately before and immediately
after receiving his Bachelor of Science degree in 1937,
he worked for the U.S. Forestry Service at stations in
Massachusetts and Idaho. Returning to the University of
Minnesota to study plant pathology, he received the master's
degree in 1939 and the doctorate in 1942. From 1942 to
1944, he was a microbiologist on the staff of the du Pont
de Nemours Foundation where he was in charge of research
on industrial and agricultural bactericides, fungicides,
and preservatives. |
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| In
1944 he accepted an appointment as geneticist and plant
pathologist assigned the task of organizing and directing
the Cooperative Wheat Research and Production Program
in Mexico. This program, a joint undertaking by the Mexican
government and the Rockefeller Foundation, involved scientific
research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology,
entomology, agronomy, soil science, and cereal technology.
Within twenty years he was spectacularly successful in
finding a high-yielding short-strawed, disease-resistant
wheat. |
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| To
his scientific goal he soon added that of the practical
humanitarian: arranging to put the new cereal strains
into extensive production in order to feed the hungry
people of the world - and thus providing, as he says,
"a temporary success in man's war against hunger
and deprivation," a breathing space in which to deal
with the "Population Monster" and the subsequent
environmental and social ills that too often lead to conflict
between men and between nations. Statistics on the vast
acreage planted with the new wheat and on the revolutionary
yields harvested in Mexico, India, and Pakistan are given
in the presentation speech by Mrs. Lionaes and in the
Nobel lecture by Dr. Borlaug. Well advanced, also, is
the use of the new wheat in six Latin American countries,
six in the Near and Middle East, several in Africa. |
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| When
the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations in cooperation with
the Mexican government established the International Maize
and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), an autonomous international
research training institute having an international board
of trustees and staff, Dr. Borlaug was made director of
its International Wheat Improvement Program. In this capacity
he has been able to realize more fully a third objective,
that of training young scientists in research and production
methods. From his earliest days in Mexico he has, to be
sure, carried on an intern program, but with the establishment
of the Center, he has been able to reach out internationally.
In the last seven years some 1940 young scientists from
sixteen or so countries (the figures constantly move upward)
have studied and worked at the Center. |
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| Dr.
Borlaug is presently participating in extensive experimentation
with triticale, a man-made species of grain derived from
a cross between wheat rye that shows promise of being
superior to either wheat or rye in productivity and nutritional
quality. |
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| In
addition to the Nobel Peace Prize, Dr. Borlaug has received
extensive recognition from universities and organizations
in six countries: Canada, India, Mexico, Norway, Pakistan,
the United States. In 1968 he received an especially satisfying
tribute when the people of Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico,
in whose area he did some of his first experimenting,
named a street in his honor. |
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| Selected
Bibliography |
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Borlaug,
Norman E., "The Impact of Agricultural Research
on Mexican Wheat Production", Transactions
of the New York Academy of Science, 20 (1958) 278-295. |
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Borlaug,
Norman E., "Mexican Wheat Production and Its
Role in the Epidemiology of Stem Rust in North America",
Phytopathology, 44 (1954) 398-404. |
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Borlaug,
Norman E., Wheat Breeding and Its Impact on World
Food Supply. Public lecture at the Third International
Wheat Genetics Symposium, August 5-9, 1968. Canberra,
Australia, Australian Academy of Science, 1968. |
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Borlaug,
Norman E., "Wheat, Rust, and People",
Phytopathology, 55 (1965) 1088-1098. |
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Borlaug,
Norman E., and others, "A Green Revolution
Yields a Golden Harvest", Columbia Journal
of World Business, 4 (September-October, 1969) 9-19. |
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Brown,
Lester R., "The Agricultural Revolution in
Asia", Foreign Affairs, 46 (July, 1968) 688
- 698. |
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Brown,
Lester R., Seeds of Change: The Green Revolution
and Development in the 1970's. New York, Praeger,
1970. Contains a bibliography. |
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Freeman,
Orville, World without Hunger. New York, Praeger,
1968. |
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The
Green Revolution: A Symposium on Science and Foreign
Policy. Proceedings before the Subcommittee on National
Security Policy and Scientific Developments of the
Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives,
91st Congress, First Session, December 5, 1969 (#38-612)
J. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office,
1970. |
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Hardin,
Clifford M., ed., Overcoming World Hunger. Englewood
Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1969. |
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Johnson,
David Gale, The Struggle against World Hunger. New
York, Foreign Policy Association, 1967. |
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Ladejinsky,
Wolf, "Ironies of India's Green Revolution",
Foreign Affairs, 48 (July, 1970) 758-768. |
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Myrdal,
Gunnar, The Challenge of World Poverty: A World
Anti-Poverty Program in Outline, chap. 4, "Agriculture
" pp. 78-138. New York, Pantheon Books, 1970. |
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Paarlberg,
Don, Norman Borlaug: Hunger Fighter. Foreign Economic
Development Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
cooperating with the U.S. Agency for International
Development (PA 969). Washington, D. C., U.S. Government
Printing Office, 1970. |
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"Statement
to the Press" from Dr. J. George Harrar, President
of the Rockefeller Foundation. New York, The Rockefeller
Foundation, October 21, 1970. |
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"U.S.
Agronomist Gets Nobel Peace Prize", the New
York Times (October 22, 1970) 1. |
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Wharton,
Clifton R., Jr.,"The Green Revolution: Cornucopia
or Pandora's Box", Foreign Affairs, 47 (April,
1969) 464-476. |
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From
Nobel Lectures, Peace 1951-1970, Elsevier Publishing
Company, Amsterdam |
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Norman
Borlaug - Nobel Lecture |
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Nobel
Lecture*, December 11, 1970 |
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